Hate It or Love It Essay

In 1972 the Cross Bronx Expressway was finished; this denoted the partition of the southern Bronx and was trailed by the â€Å"Bronx is burning† which started the descending winding for this urban, African American neighborhood. Around a similar time hip-jump was established and turned into an outlet for the dissatisfactions of poor people, enduring individuals of this locale. The outcome was the way of life of hip-jump that commends viciousness, medications, cash, and a hoodlum persona. This has become the picture of the Hip Hop craftsman, and is utilized by performers to pick up the endorsement or â€Å"street cred† of their fans/peers. With this confirmation of credibility, in any case, many rap/hip-bounce specialists have sent messages of analysis and judgment of the life in the â€Å"hood† and the disappointments of the Civil Rights Movement. In the melody â€Å"Hate it or Love it,† these subjects of hip-bounce are depicted all through the tune. Rappe rs The Game and 50 Cent both use meaning and authenticity to pick up validity and study the disappointments of the Civil Rights age. As characterized by Imani Perry, a processor of African American examinations at Princeton University, authenticity â€Å"encourages an investigate of the media and mirrors the huge real factors of social inequality† and connoting â€Å"[is] a representation for the amendment of past writings and figures (Perry, 61, 101).† Validity is a thought that is significant in hip-bounce. It is frequently alluded to as â€Å"keeping it real† and points out the legitimacy of the rap craftsman (Perry, 87). As indicated by Imani Perry, this involves keeping up â€Å"allegiance to dark youth populaces or subgroups inside [their] community.† Most fans accept that hip-jump craftsmen should remain consistent with their underlying foundations and stick with the style of their home-district. The Game stays â€Å"real† by recording â€Å"Hate it or Love it† as West Coast style hip-jump and outwardly meaning N.W.A. (a hip-bounce bunch additionally from a similar city of Compton, CA) in the music video. The tune additionally permits included craftsman 50 Cent the opportunity to remain true when he connotes Tupac and Rakim, the two of which were likewise from New York. The Game and 50 Cent however not legitimately testing from these craftsman do cover the character their ancestors made; thus, they cover and keep up loyalty to the picture of men from dark American urban networks. Notwithstanding connoting, â€Å"Hate it or Love it† utilizes authenticity all through its verses to manufacture believability with the crowd. Rappers/Hip-Hop craftsmen are relied upon to â€Å"witness† and â€Å"live out† the accounts that they tell. 50 Cent begins the tune saying, â€Å"let’s take’em back† meaning the change to story of a â€Å"real† time before he or The Game were known rappers. Both craftsman reference this reality by revealing subtleties of ghetto/criminal life in lines like â€Å"Brenda is as yet tossing babies in the garbage,† â€Å"niggas had took my bike,† and â€Å"one telephone call’ll have your body dumped in marshes.† These expressions all allude to individual or saw occasions that depict the issues like young pregnancy, burglary, and pack savagery in dark American urban networks. This â€Å"reality† paying little mind to truth confirms the rapper since it shows he has en countered the agonies of bigotry, and neediness. It gives the audience motivation to accept the craftsman can identify with his/her own battles and validates the words in the tune. Imani Perry likewise says that, â€Å"[Realism is a] declaration to the enthusiastic state coming about because of the experience of neediness, darkness, and the emergency of urbanity (Perry, 87).† After substantiating oneself as â€Å"real† and setting up their capacity to identify with dark America, rap craftsman can facilitate their believability by focusing on the passionate difficulties of urban destitution. 50 Cent passes on these feelings when he raps, â€Å"Different day, same crap, ain’t no good thing in the hood. I’d flee from this bitch and never return in the event that I could.† Here he communicates a certified loathe for the â€Å"hood† and shows his weakness as a youngster, an assessment not frequently admitted to in rap. It is this sort of authenticity and transparency with feelings that allows ar tists to interface and increase trust from the crowd. With trust, backing, and faith in the verses, validity is built up. The craftsman becomes â€Å"real.† Setting up a feeling of being â€Å"real† isn't confined to the verses. In the music video for â€Å"Hate it or Love it,† The Game utilizes a few pictures that make both feeling and build up his â€Å"witnessing† of hoodlum life. For instance, both 50 Cent and The Game are spoken to as youngsters in the music video. They are indicated alone in an unfilled house, remaining close to a dead body, and being captured (as a kid and grown-up). These photos make sentiments of pity and distress for the youthful rappers who seem to have no one paying special mind to them, a fact frequently found in poor urban networks. This again wins validity for the rappers since it shows they have â€Å"lived out† the encounters that they rap about. (Perry, 90) With this proof of living as a â€Å"real† African American, The Game and 50 Cent progress toward a sign of regard by standing out the hood from their new â€Å"reality.† This new life is the thing that Nelso n George would portray as, â€Å"the individual of color crave[ing] a setting for that style, one that frequently comes as a feature of a male-commanded aggregate (George, 52).† At the end of the day, 50 Cent and The Game must cover a celebrated adaptation of â€Å"that style† attributed to the dark, male segment to procure regard from their friends. This glamorized picture of obscurity is seen all through the â€Å"Hate it or Love it† music video. The Game is demonstrated remaining on a structure in rural Los Angles, cruzing down the Boulevard in a red convertible, and wearing two Jacob watches. These pictures are each of the a â€Å"signifying call-reaction trope† between rapper to rapper and rapper to crowd (Perry, 62). These pictures of riches, and influence are a front of African American male’s wanted aggregate style, a style shaped by the past age of rappers, and a style African American open persistently attempts to impersonate. It is with the accomplishment of accomplishing this â€Å"style† that 50 Cent and The Game win regard, and it is with this regard they gain that last measure of believability that makes them â€Å"real† rap specialists. Authenticity isn't confined to the development of believability for a craftsman, it additionally can advise audience members about existence in the â€Å"hood.† Imani Perry portrays this kind of authenticity as a â€Å"telling narrative.† She says, â€Å"[a advising narrative] is to illuminate and edify as opposed to just delineate (Perry, 91).† The Game achieved this all through the verses in his melody. He raps, â€Å"Thinking how they burned through 30 million dollars on planes when there’s kids starving,† and â€Å"No textbooks, they utilized that wood to construct coffins.† These two lines are amazingly incredible and a cruel analysis of society overall. These words â€Å"enlighten† us of issues for youngsters in dark urban networks like yearning, poor training, and viciousness. The Game shows differentiate while rapping that we burn through â€Å"30 million dollars on airplanes.† He is unmistakably sentencing society for i ts inability to assume liability for African American youngsters in spite of the accessibility of assets. A telling account doesn't just communicate objection for society when all is said in done, yet additionally â€Å"provides an inward evaluate of sociological conditions and the possibilities of social control through arranged networks (Perry, 91).† The chance of â€Å"social control† or an improvement of way of life is verifiably recommended in The Game’s verses. He over and over shows the accessibility of riches with references to things like â€Å"Jacob’s watches,† â€Å"Mercedes Benz,† and â€Å"sheepskin coats.† 50 Cent anyway gives a genuine interior study of the African American people group, not only society overall. Inside the main refrain 50 Cent describes poor people/absence of child rearing he got from his mom and father. He says, †Coming up I was confounded, my mother kissing a young lady/Confusion happens coming up neglected world/Daddy ain’t around, likely out submitting felonies.† These three lines are an immediate analysis of 50 Cent’s guardians and other ghetto guardians of a similar age, the kids from the Civil Rights Movement. It is remarking on their aggregate inability to utilize the energy of the social liberties development as a mechanism for change. Rather, many, similar to 50 Cent’s guardians, went the contrary course. They fell into criminal operations and surrendered their kids. This â€Å"reality† of an illicit life is additionally exemplified when 50 Cent says, â€Å"I wanna live great, so poo I sell dope.† With no guardians, cash, or genuine help, offspring of the Civil rights age needed to go to drugs and other criminal operations to â€Å"live good.† Through these sorts of verses, 50 Cent and The Game â€Å"inform† and à ¢â‚¬Å"critique† life in urban dark neighborhoods. Analysis of ghetto life and the failure of the Civil Right’s age are likewise cultivated with the utilization of connotation. As indicated by Imani Perry, â€Å"Signifyin(g) is a method of saying a certain something and importance another (Perry, 61).† The Game effectively does this with the two pictures and verses. For instance, he raps â€Å" ‘Pac is gone Brenda as yet tossing babies in the trash/I wanna know ‘Wh

Cisco Feasibility Study Free Essays

PC shop business is the one of the most interest business here in the Stop. Particle Patters Tagging City, web cafe’s are extremely sought after due to the quick changing innovation that the individuals humiliated Just like here in the Philippines. Some have their own PCs and carry it to the shopping centers so they could unwind and simultaneously set up their assignments and paper works. We will compose a custom exposition test on Cisco Feasibility Study or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now The individuals today are very ND would need to carry out their Responsibilities in the delightful inventive condition that could fulfill their requirements and reduce their worry because of occupied calendar OBJECTIVES/GOAL - To gain benefit. - To fulfill costumers offering best quality types of assistance at successful cost. - Providing the administrations with ease by giving the best quality at moderate cost. - To accomplish its arrival of speculation and the business offering fulfillment to the proprietor. VI’. Specialized Feasibility vii-l Location b. Floor Plan Star arrange Star systems are one of the most widely recognized PC organize topologies. In its infers structure, a star organize comprises of one focal switch, center point or PC, which go about as a conductor to transmit messages. This comprises of a focal hub, to which every other hub are associated; this focal hub gives a typical association point to all hubs through a center. In star topology, each hub (PC workstation or some other fringe) is associated with a focal hub called a center point or switch. The switch is the server and the peripherals are the customers Thus, the center and leaf hubs, and the transmission lines between them, structure a chart with the topology of a star. On the off chance that the focal hub is inactive, the beginning hub must have the option to endure the gathering of its very own reverberation transmission, postponed by the two-way transmission time (I. E. To and from the focal hub) in addition to any postpone produced in the focal hub. A functioning star arrange has a functioning focal hub that generally has the way to forestall reverberation related issues. Focal points Better execution: star topology forestalls the death of information parcels through an inordinate number of hubs. Probably, 3 gadgets and 2 connections are associated with any correspondence between any two gadgets. Despite the fact that this topology puts an enormous overhead on the focal center point, with satisfactory limit, the center point high use by one gadget without influencing others. Seclusion of gadgets: Each gadget is naturally secluded by the connection that associates it to the center. This makes the segregation of individual gadgets clear and sums to separating every gadget from the others. This seclusion additionally forestalls any non-unified disappointment from influencing the system. Advantages from centralization: As the focal center point is the bottleneck, expanding its murkiness, or associating extra gadgets to it, builds the size of the system without any problem. Centralization additionally permits the investigation of traffic through the system. This encourages examination of the traffic and location of dubious conduct. Simple to recognize flaws and to evacuate parts. No disturbances to the system while interfacing or expelling gadgets. Establishment and design is simple since each one gadget just requires a connection and one info/yield port to interface it to some other device(s). Disservices Failure of the focal center renders the system inoperable Communication between hubs must go through the focal center point. Along these lines if the focal center is undermined, so is all correspondence. The center is the bottleneck for throughput as it is required to retransmit the whole of every single transmitted message from gadgets. Instructions to refer to Cisco Feasibility Study, Papers

Phrasal Verbs - English Definitions for ESL Students

Phrasal Verbs - English Definitions for ESL Students There are four kinds of phrasal action words. Phrasal action words can be divisible or indistinguishable and they can take an item or not. Here is a manual for the rudiments of phrasal action words. Phrasal Verbs which Take Objects Phrasal action words which take objects are known as transitive phrasal action words. These action words can be divisible or indivisible: Distinguishable phrasal action words can stay together when utilizing an item that is a thing or thing phrase. I got Tom. Or on the other hand I got Tom.They put their companions up. Or on the other hand They set up their friends.My companions surrendered bowling. Or on the other hand My companions surrendered bowling.â Distinguishable phrasal action words: get, set up, surrender Distinct phrasal action words MUST be isolated when a pronoun is utilized: We got him the station. NOT We got him at the station.They put them up. NOT They set up them.She thought it up a day or two ago. NOT She concocted it the other day.â Divisible phrasal action words: get, set up, concoct Indivisible phrasal action words consistently stay together. It has no effect if a thing or pronoun is utilized. We set off for the sea shore. /We set off for it.They are taking care of the youngsters. /They are taking care of them.The instructor required the appropriate response in class. /The educator called for it in class. Indistinguishable phrasal action words: set off, care for, call for Phrasal Verbs which Dont Take Objects Some phrasal action words don't take objects. Action words that don't take objects are otherwise called intransitive action words. These phrasal action words are ALWAYS indistinguishable. The hoodlums got away.The transport separated while in transit to work.She rose early. Intransitive phrasal action words: escape, separate, get up In the event that you are uncertain about whether a phrasal action word is distinguishable or indivisible, ALWAYS utilize a thing or things express and DO NOT separate. As such, you will consistently be right! Distinct Phrasal Verbs: raise, take off They raised their kids to regard others.She removed her coat before she started the lesson.The manager put off the gathering until one week from now. Indistinguishable Phrasal Verbs: search for, set off, keep at She was searching for her books when he arrived.They set off for a magnificent occasion in Hawaii.You should keep at your schoolwork for in any event an hour.â Three-word Phrasal Verbs A few action words are trailed by two relational words (or qualifiers). These phrasal action words are ALWAYS indistinguishable. Im anticipating meeting John. Or then again Im anticipating meeting him.They didnt continue ahead with their mom. Or on the other hand They didnt continue ahead with her.Peter concocted a good thought. Or then again Peter thought of it.â Three-word phrasal action words: anticipate, continue ahead with, concoct Phrasal Verb Type Quiz Check your comprehension by distinguishing each phrasal action word as transitive or intransitive and detachable or indivisible. For example:â My companion got me the air terminal. - get: transitive, detachable We set off at six oclock in the morning. Tom anticipates meeting you next week.Unfortunately, the cheats got away.He disclosed to me that he had surrendered cigarettes last year.I got up and went to work.Jennifer thought it up during the meeting. I was so drained after the race I split down.He brought the subject up during class yesterday.Ill take care of your pooches while youre away on vacation.She concocted a good thought. Test Answers set off: intransitive/inseparablelook forward to: transitive/inseparableget away: intransitive/inseparablegive up: transitive/separableget up: intransitive/inseparablethink up: transitive/separablebreak down: intransitive/inseparablebring up: transitive/separablelook after: transitive/inseparablecome up with: transitive/indistinguishable Keep Learning Phrasal Verbs This phrasal action words reference rundown will kick you off with short meanings of around 100 of the most well-known phrasal action words. Instructors can utilize this acquainting phrasal action words exercise plan with assistance understudies become progressively acquainted with phrasal action words and begin building phrasal action word jargon. At last, there are a wide assortment of phrasal action word assets on the site to assist you with learning new phrasal action words.

Valilas v Januzaj - Free Essay Example

Assessment CLRI CASE NOTE Valilas v Januzaj [2014] EWCA Civ 436 Lady Justice Arden Lord Justice Underhill Lord Justice Floyd In the Court of Appeal (Civil Division) On the Appeal from Worcester County Court His Honour Judge Hooper QC IUC69309 Between: IOANNIS VALILAS VALDET JANUZAJ SRN=140326561 Introduction Ioannis Valilas v Valdet Januzaj[1] dealt with the issues regarding repudiation of a contract. The core as well as the legal issue was that whether a party has the right to terminate the contract if the other party breaches an innominate term or, as in this case, fails to make monthly payments on time. The judges highlighted the probable threats for the terminating parties in case of no express provisions in the contract and also displayed the analysis required in establishing what goes to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"root of the contractà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and how and when the damages caused deprive the party of substantially the whole benefit. Facts and Claims The claimant, Ioannis Valilas, a dentist, entered into a contract with the defendant, Valdet Januzaj, the principal of practice at Droitwich Spa (DSDP), which entitled him to use DSDP premises, equipment and the services of the practice staff and, in return, he was bound to pay 50% of his monthly receipts. It is worth mentioning that this agreement is not of an employer-employee nature and neither are the parties involved partners with each other[2]. A major portion of claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s income came from his contract with the Primary Care Trust (PCT). Under this contract, he was obligated to carry out a specified amount of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"units of dental activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (UDA) per year for a fixed price per unit. In return, he was paid advance monthly instalments of  £16,260 and was obliged to refund the overpayment in case he failed to carry out the total number of UDA required. This also gave him the right to get refund from the defen dant as he then wouldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve paid 50% of money other than his income. Their relationship started deteriorating which can be seen by defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s letter on the 15th of June, demanding the claimant to sign an associate agreement and the claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s subsequent refusal. After quite a bit of discussion, via several letters and a couple of meetings, the defendant and claimant reached an impasse following which the defendant terminated the contract in November after three months of non-payment. The claimant sued the defendant in Central London County Court for damages for breach of the contract. The defendant lodged a counter-claim for outstanding monthly payments which amounted to  £17661.97 but the court held the decision in favour of the claimant and hence the consequent appeal by the defendant in the Court of Appeal.[3] Legal Reasoning The court of appealed held, by a majority of two to one, that the requirement to pay on time was an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"innominateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ term and unless agreed by the parties, time of payment, generally, is not of the essence in a commercial contract. Moreover, it was established that the payment wouldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve been made eventually and its delay didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t result in grave consequences for the defendant. Therefore, considering all of this, the termination was groundless. Innominate Term One of the noteworthy applications in this case was that of an innominate term. This is the third type of contractual term, the former two being condition and warranty. This principle was instituted by the English law in the case of Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1962][4] where Lord Diplock differentiated between the three contractual terms. An innominate term differs from a condition because the breach of an innominate term doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t give rise to the right of termination to the aggrieved party. It also differs fr om a warranty because, in the event of a breach, the innocent party is not just limited to the remedy in damages.[5] Although Lord Justice Underhill was the dissenting judge but he too agreed upon the consideration that the claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s obligation to pay was not a strict condition of the contract but an innominate term. Repudiation of a Contract The law on repudiation of a contract is well established in English law but this case was surrounded by an aura of uncertainty concerning repudiation as it was difficult to conclude whether or not a delay in payment amounted to a breach of contract specially because there was no clear refusal by the claimant to pay the amounts outstanding. However eventually it was established, by a majority of judges, that the time of payment is generally not the heart of a commercial contract unless the parties have agreed that it should be which, in this case, they havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t.[6] For a precise performance to be a conditi on of the contract it should be expressly written in the contract[7]. Additionally, the application of the test given by Lord Wilberforce in Federal Commerce Navigation Co Ltd v Molena Alpha Inc. (The Nanfri[8]) laid particular emphasis on the fact that a breach must go to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"root of the contractà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ a principle which is defined in the Australian case Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine Pty Ltd[2007][9]. Lady Arden and Lord Floydà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Premise Arden and Floyd L.J.J were of the view that the defendant was well aware that claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions will eventually lead to delayedpayment and was not a denial to make payment, a finding which Arden LJ termed as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the likelihood findingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The only loss to the defendant was the use of the money, which could be compensated in interest. They also believed that non-payment by the claimant didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t deprive the defendant of à ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"substantially the whole benefità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[10]and the defendant himself failed to establish that there are serious consequences for him of this breach. Arden LJ made sure that this principle is not misconstrued by stating for it to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fact-sensitiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rather than prone to discretion. Both of the judges laid stress on the judgement established in Decro-Wall International SA v Practitioners in Marketing Ltd[11]. It was held that delay in payment did not justify the termination of contract as the loss was not substantial and could have been recovered as damages and specially because it was apparent that payment would ultimately be made. The judges also alluded to the fact that Withers v Reynolds[12] was wrongly applied by Lord Justice Underhill as the facts of that case were different from the case at hand and Salmon and Buckley L.J.J were of the same opinion in Decro-Wall International SA[13]. Floyd LJ also distinguished the present case from Alan Auld Associates Ltd v Rick Pollard Associates[14] (an authority quoted by Underhill LJ) by referring to the fact that the contract with the claimant was the only source of income for Dr. Pollard (the defendant in that case) and thus the termination because of delay in payment was justified but in the present case, monthly payments by the claimant are not the only source of income for the defendant. He also added that Alan Auld is an employment case and though the analogy is indeed close but even in employment cases there are instances where late payment has been held not to be repudiatory, by citing a passage from Cantor Fitzgerald v Callaghan others[15]. Moreover, Floyd LJ held that although a difference between the agreed upon obligations and the obligations performed by a party may amount to repudiation[16], it should be assessed whether this irregularity goes to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"root of the contractà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or not. This gives immense comfort to the innoce nt party. The Disent: Lord Underhill Underhill LJ disagreed with the majority, holding that the claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions were repudiatory. In his view it was of particular significance that the claimant had deliberately chosen to depart from the agreed payment terms rather than payment being delayed as a result of a mistake or financial issues which left the defendant to continue bearing the costs of running the Practice in the meantime which are not at all à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"trivialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ amounts. Underhill LJ also warned against a possible misbelief, coming from the decision in Decro-Wall International SA v Practitioners in Marketing Ltd[17], that late payment could never be repudiatory if eventual payment was assured by stating that the facts of that case and the case at hand are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"very differentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. He believed that although defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s letter of 15th June 2010 was not a notice of termination, it was neverthel ess à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"significantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ as it brought about the risk of the contract being terminated. Moreover, it was mutually agreed that the claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s failure to make monthly payments was a breach of the contract however Underhill LJ maintained, by relying upon Rice v Great Yarmouth Borough Council[18], that claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s failure to make three monthly payments prior to termination resulted in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"cumulative effectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and hence was a repudiatory breach and his proposed set-up in the letter dated 12 October 2010 was clearly, as Underhill LJ terms, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a complete departure from the contractual arrangementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . He strongly condemned claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s justification that he delayed the payment because of the fear of future refusal of reimbursement by the defendant if the former fails to complete the UDAs and therefore has to refund the overpayment to PCT. He stressed that such considera tions should not be allowed to modify the otherwise well-understood rules about what constitutes repudiation as it would enable the parties to lawfully take law in their own hands when there are always other options available such as taking the party to court or signing a counter agreement pertaining to oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own convenience. It is quite clear that Underhill LJ gave emphasis to claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s refusal to continue with the original arrangement than to the fact that the defendant would eventually be paid. In addition, he deduced, by referring to The Nanfri[19], that Lord Diplockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reference/test of a breach depriving a party of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"substantially the whole benefità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in Hong Kong Fir[20] is not a principle that can be applied in every case. Conclusion The Court of Appeal (CA) unfurled many factors that can be relevant in deciding whether such a breach is repudiatory or not. These factors include the type of contract, type of relationship and type of term involved. Apart from this, determining the consequences of the breach was also held to be of particular importance. There were certain unclear issues within the law on repudiation for instance, the issue at hand, termination because of delayed payment in an oral contract. Therefore, it can be rightfully concluded that this case further perfected the Law on repudiation and warned that parties should be careful before terminating the contract if there is a delay in payment and should instead give the other party an ultimatum which makes time of the essence an express term of the contract. Nevertheless, there still is a certain level of doubtfulness surrounding these issues and this can be seen from Lady Justice Ardenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s statement in her judgement[21] in which she admits that no one rule can be used in such cases and from the fact that this case was appealed in the Supreme Court[22]. Moreover, although the formulation of the concept of innominate term gives a lot of remedial flexibility to the judges, it is still a cause of trouble for the parties involved as they can never know when they have the right to terminate the contract. Additionally, the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"substantialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is open to interpretation and every individual would see it differently. The damages incurred by the defendant might not be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"substantialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ for the majority of the judges but it might be more than that for the defendant himself, thus the judgement would be unfair for him. Another point that makes the decision doubtful is the fact that the CA was split on whether the breach was repudiatory or not. BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary Sources Case Law Hongkong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd[1962] 2 QB 26 Decro-Wall International SA v Practitioners in Marketing Ltd [1971] 1 WLR 361 Federal Commerce Navigation Co Ltd v Molena Alpha Inc. (The Nanfri)[1979] AC 757 Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine Pty Ltd[2007] HCA 61 (2007) 82 AJLR 345 Withers v Reynolds(1831) 2 B Ad 882 Ross T. Smyth Co. v Bailey, Son Co[1940] 3 All E.R. 60(p.72) Rice v Great Yarmouth Borough Council[2001] LGLR 41 Alan Auld AssociatesLtdv Rick Pollard Associates[2008]EWCA Civ 655; [2008] BLR 419 Cantor Fitzgerald v Callaghan others [1999] 2 All ER 411 Secondary Sources Books Contract Law by Ewan McKendrick Article by Fenwick Elliott Grace October 2010 [1] Valilas v Januzaj [2014] EWCA Civ 436 [2] Ibid(1) [3] Ibid(1) [4] Hongkong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd[1962] 2 QB 26 [5] Contract Law by Ewan McKendrick, 181 [6] Ibid(4) [7] Fenwick Elliott Grace October 2010 (Article) [8] Federal Commerce Navigation Co Ltd v Molena Alpha Inc. (The Nanfri)[1979] AC 757 [9] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a conclusory description that takes account of the nature of the contract and the relationship it creates, the nature of the term, the kind and degree of the breach, and the consequences of the breach for the other party.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine Pty Ltd[2007] HCA 61 (2007) 82 AJLR 345 [10] The test introduced by Lord Diplockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s in Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1962] [11] Decro-Wall International SA v Practitioners in Marketing Ltd [1971] 1 WLR 361 [12] Withers v Reynolds(1831) 2 B Ad 882 [13] Ibid(1 1) [14] Alan Auld AssociatesLtdv Rick Pollard Associates[2008]EWCA Civ 655; [2008] BLR 419 [15] Cantor FitzgeraldInternationalv Callaghan[1999]2 All ER 411 [16] Ross T. Smyth Co. v Bailey, Son Co[1940] 3 All E.R. 60(p.72) [17] Ibid(11) [18] Rice v Great Yarmouth Borough Council[2001] LGLR 41 [19] Ibid(8) [20] Ibid(4) [21] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.I do not consider that any satisfactory fixed rule could be formulated in this fieldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Lady Justice Arden (Valilas v Januzaj [2014] EWCA Civ 436) [22] Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Reilly Stewart Solicitorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Webpage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" (www.oreillystewart.com/access-our-knowledge/commercial-contract/when-repudiatory-breach-not-breach)

A Feminist Study of Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women

A FEMINIST STUDY OF LOUSIA MAY ALCOTT’S LITTLE WOMEN CONTENTS Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Little Women and the Feminist Imagination 3 Chapter 2 Jo March: A Woman Ahead of her Times 10 Conclusion 17 Bibliography 19 Introduction If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, together women ought to be able to turn it right side up again. - Sojourner Truth Feminism as a movement, is about women living on equal terms with†¦show more content†¦Chapter 1 Little Women and the Feminist Imagination Louisa May Alcott, best known as the author of Little Women, was an advocate of women’s rights and temperance. Published in 1868, Little Women follows the lives, loves and tribulations of three sisters growing up during American civil war. The independence of women is a major theme in Little Women. Since its publication the novel has constantly been read and remembered for its feminist spirit. Little Women examines the place of women in society by presenting the portraits of several very different but equally praiseworthy women. We experience their multifarious interpretations of femininity and we see a range of diverse possibilities for integrating women into the society. The first volume Little Women was an immediate commercial and critical success prompting the composition of the book’s second volume Good Wives which was successful as well. The publication of the book as a single volume first occurred in 1880 and was titled Little Women. The novel chronicles the lives of the March family; Father, Marmee, Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy and it details the struggles of the March women to find sustenance for their family and identities of their own in a masculine society. The novel is a manifestation of four sisters embodying four models of femininity, possibly even four models ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Louisa Alcott s Little Women And Jo s Boys Essay996 Words   |  4 Pages2016 Character Development in Louisa Alcott’s Little Women and Jo’s Boys Many people are and were consumed with the character development in Little Women which was first published in 1945. A sequel of Little Women is the book Jo’s Boys; Alcott’s admirers suggested that she produce a spin-off of her story Little Women. In 1886 Louisa Alcott decided to write Jo’s Boys because her readers wanted to know what happened to all of the little girls that were in Little Women. For this essay, there will beRead MoreLittle Women, By Louisa May Alcott866 Words   |  4 PagesLouisa May Alcott was born and raised in Massachusetts from a financially struggling family, which will soon change due to Louisa’s writing talents. Louisa was homeschooled the majority of her childhood, which sparked her writing career. Many of her life experiences influenced her writing but the main one, that got her started, was her father, Amos Bronson Alcott, a philosopher and teacher. As she grew older, she befriended abolitionists, she soon becomes a part of, wh ich greatly influence her laterRead MoreThe Female Struggle to Fit into Society in Little Women Essay1794 Words   |  8 PagesThe Female Struggle to Fit into Society in Little Women The Victorian Era hailed many prolific authors, which were mostly male. A woman who wanted to be a writer at this time was not respected and would have been accused of being whimsical and flighty. However, women such as Louisa May Alcott redefined the norms and followed her heart with her pen by writing Little Women. 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But his ugliness is of an honest and agreeable fashion, and becomes him much better than beauty .Thoreau wore a neck-beard for many years which he insisted many women found attractive. Early life and education He was born in Concord, Massachusetts, to John Thoreau (a pencil maker) and Cynthia Dunbar.David Henry was named after his deceased paternal uncle. He had two older siblings, Helen and John Jr., andRead MoreA Dialogue of Self and Soul11424 Words   |  46 PagesImagination (1979) are both distinguished feminist critics: Sandra Gilbert is a Professor at the University of California, Davis; and Susan D. Gubar a Distinguished Professor of English and Women’s Studies at Indiana University. They have also collaborated on No Man’s Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century, Sex Changes and Letters from the Front with the aim of using feminist criticism to understand the achievements of British and American women in modern times. More recently they

Immigrants Labour Market Outcome - 1248 Words

Immigrants’ Labour Market outcome In Western Provinces Research Question: The main questions in this research paper address are what are the outcomes of immigrants’ labour market in western provinces? The outcomes of immigrants’ labour market is important to understand the overall situation of immigrants’ labour market in the western provinces. The outcomes of immigrants’ labour market generally refer as the employment rate, unemployment rate, participation rate, income and permanent or temporary status. To examine the employment rate and unemployment rate, income and participation rate of immigrants’ labour forces helps us to understand the contribution of immigrants’ labour force in our labour market. The analysis of the outcomes of immigrants’ labour market supports to the policy maker to construct the new immigration policy for future and projection for the future labour demand. The outcomes of immigrants’ labour market closely related to the federal and provincial immigration programs. This outcome will reflect in the future policy formulation in the financial sector, health sector, educational sector and social services. Literature Review: There is no previous research work which is directly related to my research question. Many researchers focus on the related issue of immigrants’ labour market outcomes by analyzing immigrants’ labour forces data and try to improve the theoretical structure to help the policy makers to take a right decision. Most of theShow MoreRelatedUse Of Spatial Correlation Approach Towards The Analysis And Subsequent957 Words   |  4 Pagesagenda of political parties due to the high degree of public interest in the topic due to its links with the economic development and influences on the labour force dynamics in the country. 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It’s difficult to obtain suitable employment, so immigrant skills are underutilized, earning less income than native-born Canadians (Oreopoulos, 2011; Reitz et al., 2014). A viewpoint on racialized differences asserts that discrimination in employment is an act which negatively affects the employment situation of individuals because of membership in a group, and not becauseRead MoreWhy Immigration Is Responsible For Crime Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pages016518; Canada has 260,411. It is a double-edged sword – productive immigrants contribute to the economic growth of the country and do not threaten the welfare of the natives. On the contrary, if the immigrants find it hard to adapt to the country, they would increase the cost of the country(Borjas, 1994). 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It impacted badly on economy, social organization, and politics of the Prairie region. Various factors such as low wheat prices in the international market, fall of export markets during the depression, insufficient financial investments lowered the economy of the Prairie region. The economic and political situation worsened in the British Columbia during the Depression as well as after the World War II. The Prairie

Ideological Leadership-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Choose four areas in Leadership for your self-analysis and Justify your choice. Answer: Four Areas In Leadership Leadership is fundamentally a craft of completing the stuff through others. As indicated by Northouse (2015) leadership is a craft of leading an association, gathering or people. So as to do self-examination, there are many key areas. Of these, four key areas of leadership have been examined. These key areas are the sign to effectively usage of the leadership abilities. Transformational As indicated by Avolio and Yammarino (2013), this style of leadership encourages keeping in mind the end goal to move the subordinates to locate the best and the proficient method for moving towards the foreordained objectives. Contingency - As indicated by Daft (2014), contingency leadership style comprise of organizing beforehand for any potential overcoming. Charismatic As indicated by Mumford and Strange (2013), this essentially comprise of the quality to catch the attention of or persuade an individual to get the stuff done. Situational - As indicated by McCleskey (2014), in this style, it has been portrayed that the thriving leaders have to be the ones who is having the aptitude to face the situation. Evaluating the leaders incorporate looking for the nearness of these qualities. The insinuation of these attributes will bring about a fruitful leader. Results Of The Relevant Self-Assessments A leader can be named as one who regulates and guides others in an association, a group, or a political body like a state or nation. The personality of leadership is conceived with the inherent will and constancy to impact others towards a shared objective. Transformational - This leadership style is more motivational than some other leadership style and the transformational leaders indicate satisfactory competency for drawing in supporters. The leaders under this style reliably work towards empowering the kindred team individuals for accomplishing momentous and exceptional outcomes. Contingency - This specific leadership style incorporates the forecast of the person's behavioral result later on for a specific circumstance. The contingency leadership style demonstrates the competency of the leaders under this style, in adjusting the point of view for present and in addition future circumstances. Charismatic Charisma is the ability to rouse devotees to similarly as to considering the aggregate focus as their own objective, and is one key quality that interfaces prominent leaders all through time. Situational - The situational leadership style uncovered the characteristics of the leaders who are sufficiently effective to alter themselves with the adherents' advancement level. This specific leadership style is adaptable and versatile, since the leaders falling under this style have versatile nature for any sort of circumstances. Results, Insights And Conclusions Leaders are individuals who can help make choices and openings who can help light up issues and choices, who can produce resolve and coalitions, who can persuade others and give a fantasy of the possible results and certification of an unrivaled affiliation, or a predominant gathering. Leaders have those crucial qualities of irresistible confidence, shocking great confidence and genuine idealism that empower them to attract and initiate others to grasp asking for assignments these people never anytime envisioned they would endeavor. Essentially, leaders empower and help free others. They redesign the possible results for circumstance both for people and affiliations. They interface with followers to such an extent those immense quantities of the supporters advance toward getting to be leaders in their own specific right. Extraordinary leaders, frequently, have been get-it-all-together, broken-field sprinters. They have been generalists. Tomorrow's leaders will presumably have begun life as readied specialists (Nahavandi, 2016). Discussion In these leadership learning journals, I analyzed and evaluated the different forms of leadership and then assessed them to find out what I am required to adopt. Judging from the analysis and the reactions regarding the different forms of leadership, I have understood that transformational leadership is the best option for me. Transformational leadership I suggested by scholars too as the right choice, along with some implementation plans to follow and adapt this form. What I have understood from this overall discussion is that the holistic approach of leadership would help any organization in steering themselves in the right direction. The same is applicable on an individual plane, whence an individual is incited and motivated to grow and develop into a true leader - someone who is more interested in creating jobs and new openings instead of pure money-making. Reference List Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013). Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Mumford, M. D., Strange, J. M. (2013). Vision and mental models: The case of charismatic and ideological leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 125-158). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Nahavandi, A. (2016).The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.

Understanding Of Elemental Cost Analysis Construction Essay Example For Students

Understanding Of Elemental Cost Analysis Construction Essay The analysis is really done to be used by the interior decorator and the client for future undertaking and hence, comparing between two or more edifices can be made. This is brief undertaking cost information gathered from measures of measures. We will write a custom essay on Understanding Of Elemental Cost Analysis Construction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Apart from the cost analysis, information such a brief undertaking specifications and the overall undertaking information are besides included in the ECA. Outline1 Purpose for ECA2 Uses of ECA3 Appreciation4 Judgment5 Belated remedial action6 Planing7 Abbreviations of signifiers8 FORM 1 Information on entire undertaking and analyzed edifice9 Constructing type and Code:10 Construction Classs:11 A 2 32112 A 32113 3- Residential Buildings14 Information ON TOTAL PROJECT15 7 ) Undertaking inside informations and site status:16 10 ) Tender List:17 RM18 Int/JV/L19 RM20 Int/JV/L21 Area22 11 ) Gross Floor Area:23 GFA = 6156m224 GFA 32125 FORM 2 Summary of component costs26 Entire cost of component ( RM ) :27 Cost/m2 GFA ( RM ) :28 Element Unit Measure:29 Element Unit Rate ( RM ) :30 Element Ratio /m2 GFA:31 Reinforced Concrete ( M3 ) :32 Reinforcement ( kilogram ) :33 Formwork ( M2 ) :34 FORM 3 Brief Specification35 BENEFIT OF ELEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS36 Decision Purpose for ECA To demo the cost relationships between several sections/ parts of the edifice, if there are any. To let comparings of cost with other different undertakings. The cost that is obtained from the cost analysis is deficient to find the existent monetary value. It has to take into history the conditions and the inside informations of the undertaking and the quality and measure of work involved. The cost analysis has been introduced to supply cost information particularly for the procedure of cost planning. The cost analysis is prepared by analyzing the information of a undertaking which has been planned or constructed in which the measures of measures have been priced. Therefore, the cost analysis is prepared based on the informations received from the successful stamp and is non based on the actual amount of the undertaking. However, there are several grounds as to why the cost analysis is non prepared based on the actual cost: The concluding history is frequently complex and requires much ttime to analyse the alterations in the history. This would ensue in the decreasing involvement of the single fixing the cost analysis. The readying of the concluding history is clip devouring due to several grounds and this could ensue in the cost analysis that is published to be out-dated The historical information for cost planning may non be accurate particularly during high rising prices ( although there are processs to update this by utilizing indices ) . It is hard to do allotments for the addition in cost and contractual claims, which are tailored to the single elements. Uses of ECA Appreciation It enables clients and interior decorators to cognize and appreciate how cost is distributed among the functional constituents of a edifice and compared to the overall cost of a edifice. Judgment It enables clients and interior decorators to develop thoughts as to how element costs could hold been allocated to obtain a more balanced design. This opinion is of import to estimate the effectivity of cost and quality of a edifice. Belated remedial action Allows remedial action to be taken on reception of high stamp, by uncovering the beginnings of over-expenditure that is by doing comparings between estimated costs and tender monetary value. This will enable tardy remedial action to be taken. Planing The cost analysis could be used as a beginning of cost information to assist with the cost planning of future edifice undertakings. Abbreviations of signifiers To simplify the amplification the writer will utilize the undermentioned abbreviations for each signifier. Form 1 F/1 Form 2 F/2 Form 3 F/3 FORM 1 Information on entire undertaking and analyzed edifice This signifier is divided into two subdivisions ; the first subdivision provides overall information on the undertaking including the location, the client, type of contract etc. The 2nd subdivision provides information and analysis of a individual edifice. Each separate edifice in the undertaking has a different analysis. The chief intent for the information in Form 1 is to inform the user of the analysis the background of the undertaking and the status of its monetary value degree. This will enable the user to do the necessary accommodations to provide for differences in location, market status, type of contract, size of contract and specifications of the undertaking. .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8 , .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8 .postImageUrl , .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8 , .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8:hover , .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8:visited , .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8:active { border:0!important; } .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8:active , .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8 .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2bff33c224aaddf9e36d12ecf7dcb0e8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Salem Witch Trials EssayConstructing type and Code: There are 10 categorizations on types of edifice based on ( C1/SfB Classification Table 0 ) : 0: Land, Planning, Landscape 1: Civil Engineering Work 2: Conveyance, Industrial Buildings 3: Administrative Buildings 4: Health and Welfare Buildings 5: Refreshment, Recreation Buildings 6: Religious Buildings 7: Educational, Cultural, Scientific Buildings 8: Residential Buildings 9: Buildings, Spaces in general Residential Buildings for this undertaking shall be classed under class 8: Buildings, Spaces in general Construction Classs: Construction categories are divided into: A: Reinforced concrete framed building Bacillus: Steel framed building Degree centigrades: Timber framed building Calciferol: Light framed steel or strengthened concrete building A 2 321 A 2-storey strengthened concrete framed building with Gross Floor Area of 321m2 is expressed as follows: The combination of a 2 floor hall edifice made of strengthened concrete framed building with Gross Floor Area of 321m2 is expressed as follows: A 321 3- Residential Buildings 3 ) Job Title: Cadangan Membina Sebuah Banglo 2 Tingkat 4 ) Location: Daerah Melaka Tengah, Melaka 5 ) Client: State the type of client whether authorities, private or semi government-Private 6 ) Tender day of the month: Date fixed for stopping point of tender- 7/1/2007 Information ON TOTAL PROJECT 7 ) Undertaking inside informations and site status: Explanation shall include the undermentioned: Undertaking description Handiness to site Proximity of other edifices Site topographical and geological conditions Weather Any skip or exclusion from undertaking Example of amplification: The undertaking comprise the building and completion of 2 storey banglo and associated accessory edifice and external plants. The purpose site is level and in good status. 8 ) Contract: Type of contract used Standard PAM Form of Contract ( with measures ) 9 ) Market Condition: Brief study on market status shall be provided with respect to handiness of stuffs and labor, acuteness and competition Market status is competitory and monetary value of labor and stuffs are stable. 10 ) Tender List: List of stamps received. If the figure is excessively many, province at least the lowest five, arranged in falling order. The highest stamp value is listed last in the tabular array. Indicate whether stamps were from local builders ( L ) , by international builders ( INT ) , or by joint venture between the two ( JV ) . Mention to tender study. If there are merely a few stamps, the list is as follows: RM Int/JV/L 325060 Liter 320000 Liter 289500 Liter 255200 Liter If the stamp list is extended, the list is as follows: RM Int/JV/L 325060 Liter 320000 Liter 289500 Liter *255200 Liter *The highest stamp value Area 11 ) Gross Floor Area: Method of measuring: Sum of all enclosed infinites carry throughing the functional demands of a edifice measured to the internal face of enveloping walls ( or column, door and the similar ) Enclosed infinites are defined as all infinites that have a floor and a ceiling and enveloping walls on all sides at full or partial tallness. Open bannisters, louvres, screens, columns and the similar shall be deemed enveloping walls. The gross floor country is measured gross without skip to countries occupied by columns, internal constructions or party walls, etc. Areas of lift suites, armored combat vehicle suites, engine suites and the similar above chief roof are besides calculated in GFA. Sloping surfaces such as stairwaies, galleries, tiered patios and the similar shall be measured level on program Spaces that fulfill the functional demands of edifice which are non enclosed infinites shall be shown individually under Unenclosed Spaces. B A ; L: Measured gross without skip to countries occupied by columns, stairwaies and dividers. GFA = 6156m2 Useable country 231 Circulation country 32 Ancillary country 48 Internal divisions 10 GFA 321 FORM 2 Summary of component costs In general, Form 2 shows the systematic dislocation of the costs of elements of a edifice. There are more than 20 elements in Form 2 and each component is grouped under six group elements ( five edifice groups and one for each group component of external work and preliminary work ) . Form 2 provides information on the entire cost of component, cost per M2 GFA, element unit measure, element unit rate, ratio of component per M2 GFA, etc which could be used to do a realistic estimation and to fix the cost program for new undertakings. It could besides be used to do cost comparings to guarantee cost does non transcend the estimation. .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34 , .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34 .postImageUrl , .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34 , .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34:hover , .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34:visited , .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34:active { border:0!important; } .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34:active , .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34 .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc37964086fe75722bb100127bfe56a34:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Describing Graphs and Charts EssayEntire cost of component ( RM ) : This is the entire cost of component and the cost shall follow the List and Contentss of component in the Manual. If cost is non related to the said component, ( ) shall be inserted. If costs of more than one component are group together, brief notes shall be provided explicating where they are grouped. All the entire cost made from Bills of Quantities or calculated by EUQ x EUR. WBLFF: Entire cost of component = EUQ x EUR = 136 M2s x 125 = RM 17000.00 Cost/m2 GFA ( RM ) : Calculated by spliting Entire Cost of component with GFA. Frame: Cost/m2 GFA = Total Cost GFA = RM 255,200 321 M2 = RM 795.016/m2 Element Unit Measure: All countries shall be the net countries, for illustration, country for external walls shall exclude country of Windowss and doors, etc. if the measure is measured in volume ( air conditioning infinites ) volume is calculated by multiplying the net country with the tallness of the infinite to be air conditioned. The abbreviation used is Tm3. All the sum harmonizing to taking off or measured through drawings. Element Unit Rate ( RM ) : Calculated by spliting Entire Cost of Element with Element Unit Quantity. It is rounded away to the nearest ringgit. Upper FLOORS: Element unit rate = Total Cost EUQ = RM 8000.00 185 M2 = 43.24 Element Ratio /m2 GFA: Calculated by spliting Element Unit Quantity with GFA. It is stated to three denary topographic points. Roof: Component ratio/m2 GFA = EUQ GFA = 204 M2 321 M2 = 0.636 Reinforced Concrete ( M3 ) : Measure of strengthened concrete in elements in M3. Reinforcement ( kilogram ) : Measure of support in kilogram. Formwork ( M2 ) : Measure of formwork in M2. FORM 3 Brief Specification Form 3 provides brief information on undertaking specifications based on each component. It briefly describes the assorted constituents in each component including the types and quality of stuffs used. This signifier provides a brief image of the edifice criterions and quality and this information is of import for cost comparing intents. It can be refer to the list and contents of elements. Elaborate briefly the specifications harmonizing to the elements. All the specification had made from Bills of Quantities. For illustration of the specification in the elemental cost analysis, in stacking plants, the specification must hold all plants related to foundation stacking including sheet pile left in and besides necessitate to province the system used, whether it is advisers design or otherwise, figure, mean length and size of the heap. BENEFIT OF ELEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS ECA means the analyze of cost related to the elements, in building industry a edifice or any sort of building we can split into figure of elements, and monetary value of which is related with that component is called as an elemental cost, elemental costs include material costs, labour costs, and sub-contractor operating expense and net income. ECA is besides of import and give benefits due to the companies that can intends to set up a cost information service by puting out ends and roll uping information in a planned and systematic manner in roll uping and distributing information on a figure of elemental cost programs available at the minute. These cost programs will farther spread out and users will be able to choose the database utilizing a scope of standards, among others, type of edifice, floor country, day of the month, client type, figure of narratives, location and method of building. ECA does assist a measure surveyor when it comes to similar undertakings that are gone to be built following due to its characteristic that act as a mention about the monetary value or cost information that is utile to fix a budget program. Although it is approximately similar, the undertaking that is being compared to old undertaking s ECA must be in the relevant scope of clip Decision The Elemental Cost Analysis ( ECA ) is relevant to used. The cost analysis is prepared by analyzing the information of a undertaking which has been planned or constructed in which the measures of measures have been priced. Therefore, the cost analysis is prepared based on the informations received from the successful stamp and is non based on the existent amount of the undertaking. That is the monetary value quoted in the Final Account. There is a possibility for some to believe that it would be better to analyze the existent cost as compared to the cost predicted in the stamp.

Why We Celebrate Womens History Month In March

Why We Celebrate Womens History Month In March On February 28, 1980, President Jimmy Carter wrote: From the first settlers who came to our shores, from the first American Indian families who befriended them, men and women have worked together to build this Nation. Too often, the women were unsung and sometimes their contributions went unnoticed. These words, part of his message establishing the first Womens History Week in 1980, marked the beginning of a new chapter in American history; one in which recognition of women and their work, and the promotion of their rights became a more explicit concern. That initial effort was expanded in 1987, when March was designated as Womens History Month. The Beginning: Womens History Week In 1978 in California, the Education Task Force of the Sonoma County Commission on the Status of Women began a Womens History Week celebration. The week was chosen to coincide with International Womens Day, March 8. The response was positive. Schools began to host their own Womens History Week programs. The next year, leaders from the California group shared their project at a Womens History Institute at Sarah Lawrence College. Other participants not only determined to begin their own local Womens History Week projects, but agreed to support an effort to have Congress declare a national Womens History Week. Three years later, the United States Congress passed a resolution establishing National Womens History Week, which had ample bipartisan support. This recognition encouraged even wider participation in Womens History Week. Schools focused on special projects and exhibitions honoring women. Organizations sponsored talks on womens history. The National Womens History Project began distributing materials specifically designed to support Womens History Week, as well as materials to enhance the teaching of history through the year, to include notable women and womens experience. Womens History Month In 1987, at the request of the National Womens History Project, Congress expanded the week to a month, and the U.S. Congress has issued a resolution every year since then, with wide support, for Womens History Month. The U.S. President has issued each year a proclamation of Womens History Month. To further extend the inclusion of womens history in the history curriculum (and in everyday consciousness of history), the Presidents Commission on the Celebration of Women in History in America met through the 1990s. One result has been the effort towards establishing a National Museum of Womens History for the Washington, D.C., area, where it would join other museums such as the American History Museum. The purpose of Womens History Month is to increase consciousness and knowledge of womens history: to take one month of the year to remember the contributions of notable and ordinary women, in hopes that the day will soon come when its impossible to teach or learn history without remembering these contributions. Sources National Womens History Week Statement by the President. February 28, 1980.

Amnesty International Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Amnesty International Australia - Essay Example Despite all efforts from the Dalai Lama, the Olympics 2008 in Being are the event that draws finally the attention to the problems of the occupation. The whole world is protesting right right now. And what Amnesty shows us explains why. Amnesty (2008): "According to information published by the Tibetan Center on Human Rights and Democracy, 15 Tibetan monks were detained on 10 March for staging a peaceful demonstration in Barkhor, Lhasa, the capital of Tibetan Autonomous Region in China. There is no information of their current whereabouts or of any charges brought against them. They are at high risk of torture and other ill- treatment." Besides this significant and important action there is also the important issue on the Human Rights situation in China. Amnesty (2008): " Expressing an opinion online in China can result in jail, torture and death. People are silenced and what happens in China is often clouded in secrecy. Sign up to take the pledge to stop the Chinese Government and l arge internet companies restricting freedom of expression on the Internet, and we'll keep you up-to-date with ways you can help create a more transparent society in China." You can directly participate in signing the form online.... and to express their peaceful beliefs online without fear or interference. I call on the Chinese Government and large internet companies to stop the unwarranted restriction of freedom of expression on the Internet." The pledge is typical, any person can participate in the actions of Amnesty. China is a powerful country in the World, the economic position has grown immense over the last years. Cheap labour, hardly any costs drives many companies to China to build factory's. China is important, it is number 4 of the list in fast growing Economics, important trading partner for many countries in the world including Australia. However in the part of human rights nothing changed at all. Till this very moment people still die or are prisonised. 10489 3 Shocking to read is this part Amnesty (2008) "By allowing Beijing to host the Games you will help in the development of human rights" Liu Jingmin, Vice- President of Beijing Olympic Bid Committee, April 2001 . What can be said after reading this Dit we miss something in the last couple of years or is China changing here and there Many questions we may ask ourselves. Amnesty remains however optimistic as we can read. Amnesty (2008) "The 2008 Beijing Olympics provides us with an unprecedented opportunity to help create a more transparent society in China. Freedom of expression is a universal human right, and Amnesty International believes the Games can be used as a positive step towards creating a society in China that upholds basic human rights. In Australia, our campaign will challenge the Chinese system of internet repression. We want to see freedom of expression in China. We would like citizens everywhere to have the same access to the

Module Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Module Synthesis - Essay Example If this doesn’t have the ability to change and create alternative awareness through conscious beliefs, then it also leads to isolated interpretations and conceptions. This is not only important for basic knowledge but also in relation to the classroom and how information is taught to students (Davis, Sumara, Kapler, 2000). Defining how realities and knowledge changes with new information is an important concept relating to changing perceptions according to the fluid ways that discoveries and information add into belief systems both personally and in the classroom. The first way in which knowledge changes is through alternative realities and perceptions which many live with. An example of this is given by Wade Davis (2011), which shows how different cultures have alternative beliefs and perceptions. The main ideology which Davis states in the beginning is that we all live in the same reality and come from the same human species. However, the difference comes with our culture an d belief in the perception of culture. The areas we live, ideologies we are taught and expectations that occur when growing up are the main areas of knowledge that form our perceptions and beliefs. These change when the beliefs and rituals vary according to the society, culture and religion which one is in. For example, Davis shows that the knowledge of the world for one individual may be based on reaching enlightenment over a period of time while others are based on the surrounding region and what is required to keep balance in the area. Each of these adds fluidity to knowledge and change perceptions according to the main beliefs of the culture (Davis, 2011). The concepts of cultural differences that lead to alternative beliefs are one of the many facets based on awareness. From the example of Davis, it is seen that perception alters according to the environment, culture and the expectations that are a part of the discovery of various areas. The idea relates not only to how knowled ge changes according to culture but also applies to how information can change in the current context of areas such as the classroom. This is not only done with the understanding that knowledge is based on memorization or given lectures and information. Instead, there is a belief and understanding that there is not a fragment in learning. Knowledge comes from the environment, culture, religion, beliefs and rituals that one has. This can be given in the classroom with the way in which teaching occurs and is combined with the society and belief systems one incorporates from outside of the classroom (Davis, Sumara, Kapler, 2000). The idea of culture and beliefs connecting together education and information becomes important with the ideology of integrating the personal beliefs in the classroom while creating more perceptions for those that are learning in a school system. The idea of changing perceptions and knowledge according to culture and environment is further altered with the und erstanding of personal beliefs and how this is not fragmented. When one is able to change the ideas in their mind and incorporate other viewpoints, then it also alters how the world is seen and what changes. An example of this is noted from Jill Bolte Taylor (2011) in relation to how the brain works. The significant point is that insight, ideas and the personal understanding of the world changes even when an individual begins to use a different part of their brain. The idea

Starbucks Growth Strategy Essay Example for Free

Starbucks Growth Strategy Essay (Nasdaq: SBUX) reported strong fourth-quarter and fiscal 2003 results yesterday after the bell, with annual revenues jumping 24% to $4. 1 billion and earnings growing 26% to $268. 3 million. Shares are dipping about 2% so far today, presumably because the companys $0. 17 in Q4 EPS met, rather than beat, expectations. Despite the markets lukewarm response, theres much to praise here, and opportunities for more growth abound. The companys comparable-store sales results were again impressive, and the future of its international expansion looks promising. Further, Starbucks plans for domestic growth are encouraging, thanks to the rollout of more drive-through stores. Starbucks (which I happily own shares of) posted an 8% comparable-store sales gain for the year, marking the 12th year in a row the companys comps have been 5% or better. Its projecting 3%-7% comps growth for fiscal 2004 the same guidance it gave for the just-completed year. Starbucks same-store sales success is primarily transaction-driven, meaning that its not relying only on higher prices to drive growth. Thats an important factor in the quality of its comps gains. We already know it entered its first quarter upbeat, with same-store sales growth of 9% for the month of October. With the rollout of its famed holiday drinks (dont come between me and a Gingerbread Latte), and the continued success of the Starbucks card, Q1s likely to be another winner. Starbucks international operations will turn profitable this year, a significant milestone for the company. It will add 350 international locations to its lineup, with 300 of them being licensed stores. Troubles in Japan havent squashed Starbucks belief that it can be a welcome part of diverse cultures the world over. The company will continue to partner locally in order to achieve this balance between a consistent Starbucks experience and a locally tailored one. In the U. S. and Canada, Starbucks will add 950 locations this year. About a third of those will be drive-through locations, which have some of the best unit economics of all of Starbucks concepts. Its surprising to me that Starbucks just now seems to be catching on to the fact that drive-throughs can be hugely successful for it. Yes, its contrary to the whole coffeehouse culture the company wants to cultivate, but from the customers point of view, the convenience factor is attractive. Starbucks finished the year with 7,225 stores, and as laid out above, plans to add 1,300 new locations globally in fiscal 2004. Thats all while maintaining its excellent comps growth and producing total revenue growth of 20% and earnings growth of at least 20%. Ambitious, to be sure, though Starbucks hasnt given us a reason to doubt it yet. At 38 times the 2004 estimate of $0. 85, its stock, predictably, isnt allowing for much doubt, either.

Psychoanalytic Approach to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Sir Gawain Green Knight Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚   It’s easy to associate Sir Gawain and the Green Knight with one of Jung’s archetypal motif patterns: the hero and the quest.   Through lots of difficulties or challenges, Sir Gawain reaches the higher ground of knighthood, and also proves himself worthy of a courtly masculine identity.   It still seems quite daring and risky to apply psychoanalytic approach into the text itself, especially it comes with the Oedipus complex.   But if we put Freud’s three psychic zones and Sir Gawain’s conflict together, or related his fear of castration with his fear of being beheaded, the applying of psychoanalytic approach is acceptable.   Within the connections mentioned above, we can see how the father figures function and how a knight’s masculinity is maintain by abstaining from sexual desire in medieval period.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Sir Gawain is similar to any other hero we see in mythology, who is predisposed to response any obstacles coming upon them, and is thus getting mature both physically and mentally.  Ã‚  Ã‚   So the process of being a real knight is similar to the process of being a real man in Freud’Stheory of child development.   A boy in the process of being a man will confront a threat of being castrated by his father for to engaging in sexual relation with his Mother.   Submitting to the ‘reality principal’, the boy represses his incestuous desire, identifies with his father, and is led to the manhood.   One of the father figures within this text obviously is the Green Knight, who appears as the authority of the nature power to test Sir Gawain’s ability in masculinity and ability in abstaining from sexual temptation.   Before the Green Knight is qualified to test Sir Gawain, he must prove that he is more a man than Sir Gawain.   If we assume tha t being beheaded here is the another form of castration.   That he lets his head cut off by Gawain first is the showing of his superiority in masculinity.   After Green Knight’s head is cut off, he ‘seized this splendid head and straightway lifted it’.   From the passage, we see he is not less a man, and is never afraid of being castrated by his son, which reinforces the Green Knight’s father figure.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the Green Knight, a father authority is under the disguise of Bertilak, we can assume that his mistress becomes the mother figure.   While the Green Knight is out there hunting, Sir Gawain has to decide whether to put aside his fear of castration and give in the sexual seduction or to repress his own desire.

Course Project Essay

They are Public Website, Manufacturing Support System (MSS), Human Resources System (HRS), and Sales and Marketing System (SMS). Public Website provides information about each of the products, locations where someone can purchase them, and information about how to get warranty support. Details of warranty support and defect rates are not tracked, but the staff has anecdotal stories. The Manufacturing Support System (MSS) maintains the supply chain information necessary for manufacturing the company’s products, such as raw materials, vendors, and prices. The Human Resources System (HRS) maintains and tracks personnel and benefits information. And the Sales and Marketing System (SMS) track the sales and marketing efforts of the company’s sales force. Orders from this system are printed and sent daily to the MSS to be filled. As a senior member of the IT Management Team for SAI Toys, I agree with the Board of Directors and the CEO decision to stay on the forefront of geekness, and therefore the company should integrate all of  its IT systems. In addition, they want to develop a more robust Web presence and sell their products directly to individual customers in addition to selling through traditional retailers, as they currently are doing. My recommendation is that we need to hire more staff if SAI Toys want to stay on the forefront. The company needs to hire professional computer specialist. The integration of new the software into a newly expanded IT system which utilizes in some cases first generation coding on legacy hardware can create operational problems which in-house IT staff may be nable to solve. SAI Toys is not in the computer business. While computers are essential to the design, manufacture and marketing of their products, SAI Toys would be well served by having their IT systems vertically integrated and maintained in a cloud computing environment, eliminating most of their IT department employees in the process (Butcher, 2011). In this report, I will show how the company should go about implementing this ex ecutive directive. The report should include the following sections. The report will also outline the situation, weighs various alternatives, and I will presents a final recommendation for the company. The report will also include the current IT system, overview of the recommended system, the difference between In House and Outsourcing development, the stakeholders’ buy-in, the ERP project failed with lessons learned, and the company’s ROL ;amp; TCO. Current IT Situation To evaluate SAI Toys, using the basic analysis techniques will help us to have an overview of the company and its environment. SWOT is a tool that identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization. SAI Toys SWOT Analysis is to take the information from an environmental analysis and separate it into internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (opportunities and threats). The Strengths of SAI Toys are: Experienced and successful marketing team, High brand recognition for their unique products, Substantial 25 member IT team, and Quality control ensuring positive consumer feedback. The Weaknesses of SAI Toys are: Highly competitive marketplace, Extensive and continuing R;amp;D investment, Cost containment, and Personnel costs for IT staff (Butcher, 2011). The Opportunities of SAI Toys are: Direct marketing and sales to consumers through company operated websites, Emerging international markets immediately accessible through the internet, and Substantial IT cost reduction through use of cloud computing. The Threats of SAI Toys are: Loss of market share, Major competitors integrating vertically and selling direct, and Changing technology requiring escalating engineering costs (Butcher, 2011). The Competitive Strategy Analysis is the second basis analysis technique to help us to have an overview of the company and its environment. SAI cannot afford the possibility of IT system failure given the highly competitive market in which they operate. New product design, manufacture, and marketing require that their IT system be fully functional 24/7 with no downtime. To sustain growth and revenue and stay ahead of potential competition SAI Toys will need to invest heavily in Research and Development (R;amp;D) on an ongoing basis (Butcher, 2011). This will include further investment in hiring skilled engineering personnel. Because SAI Toys creates unique products which may exclusively dominate a small segment of the market from which all of its revenue is derived, the introduction into the market of a competitor’s similar product with enhanced features and lower retail pricing may severely impact SAI Toys ability to generate sales and revenue (Butcher, 2011). Swimlanes Diagram: AS-IS Diagram Overview of Recommended System The various systems currently in place will be replaced or integrated into the new system. Assuming that SAI Toys has elected to develop an integrated IT system in-house utilizing its current IT structure but expanding operability to allow all four (4) distinct IT systems to communicate with each other, an Organizational Process Performance system evaluation is necessary which will derive quantitative objectives for quality and process performance from the organization’s business objectives (Butcher, 2011). The new system will be the ERP Implementation. There is a Process of ERP Implementation. While ERP is clearly a software solution for SAI, its implementation must be done on an incremental basis to limit interruptions to the existing business structure at SAI. Like all IT changes, problems can and will develop. To minimize the impact on SAI’s ongoing business operation the implementation of ERP should occur during the lapses between product launches or product design and development stages and implementation should be accomplished on a step-by-step basis, one application at a time. Limiting IT installations and disruptions to non-critical time periods will permit the least stressful adoption of the IT structure and allow SAI to maintain its revenue stream without incurring a loss (Butcher, 2011). There are numerous vendors who offer ERP software which would be easily configurable for SAI’s specific requirements. Microsoft, Oracle, Sage, Exact, SAP, and Intuitive each offer ERP software solutions which can manage companies like SAI with up to 1,000 users. Each of these can incorporate e-commerce platforms into the production and supply chain and provide SAI Toys management with instantaneous information reports including warranty claims, product claims, and defective product losses to together with consumer feedback in real-time (Butcher, 2011). Some new features in this system will include: 1) Improved customer satisfaction 2) Increased profitability 3) Reduced costs ) Improved quality and processing times 5) Improved business culture by bridging the gap between the production line and management 6) Improved business performance by focusing team members on eliminating waste across key business processes and workflows (Butcher, 2011). There are many companies out there that have successfully made the transition from a brick and mortar business to an E-Commerce. The E-Commerce can help the company grow and expand. An e-commerce platform can be used for advertising, production, supplier enquiries, negotiations, contracts, orders, billing, payments, and after sales service and other business activities in the process of interactive program management that can simplify the transaction process (Butcher, 2011). SOA would be of benefit to this project. A Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) design principle can be utilized during the phases of systems development and integration. A system based on SOA will package functionality as suite of interoperable services that can be used within multiple separate systems from the four separate systems. SOA also generally provides a way for consumers of services such as web-based applications to be aware of available SOA based services. For example, several disparate departments within a company may develop and deploy SOA services in different implementation languages and their respective clients will benefit from a well understood, well defined interface to access them. SOA defines integration for widely disparate applications for a web-based environment and uses multiple implementation platforms (Butcher, 2011). Rather than defining an API, SOA defines the interface in terms of protocols and functionality. An endpoint is the entry point for such a SOA implementation. Service-orientation requires loose coupling of services with operating systems and other technologies that underlies applications. SOA separates functions into distinct units, or services, which developers make accessible over a network in order to allow users to combine and reuse them in the production of applications. These services and their corresponding consumers communicate with each other by passing data in a well-defined, shared format, or by corresponding an activity between two or more services. SOA is therefore a continuum as opposed to distributed computing or modular programming (Butcher, 2011). Swimlanes diagrams- TO-BE diagram In-House versus Outsourcing Development The benefits and costs of developing this system in-house versus outsourcing the development or purchasing off-the-shelf are very important to consider. Off-the-shelf ERP packages are tested and proven performers which are an essential requirement for a company like SAI Toys which cannot afford the inevitable downtime associated with fragmented software design and installation. On a cost benefit analysis basis the investment in purchasing an off-the-shelf ERP software package is substantially less than the cost of downtime and system inoperability where an in-house software design fails (Butcher, 2011). The ability of the software vendor to de-bug an off-the-shelf system can be measured in minutes or hours versus the possibility and probability of several days of downtime with in-house developed software. The purchase price of an ERP software package can be amortized over a useful lifespan of five years or more and when compared to the prospective recurring downtime of in-house developed software the advantages of an ERP off-the-shelf solution cannot be ignored (Butcher, 2011). To avoid as many pitfalls as possible in the overhaul of SAI’s IT system it is recommended that SAI avoid in-house software development of this magnitude. While some of SAI’s IT staff may be proficient in software development there are the issues of minimum and exacting standards employed in the industry which may not be a consideration for in-house development. CCMI and ISO certifications should also impact the decision here. CMMI and ISO certification are an inherent part of these off-the-shelf software solutions which eliminates the uncertain standards that may be employed in in-house software development (Butcher, 2011). We should develop the system by Some best practices for managing the project type to having a better chance of success are Stakeholder Buy-in and Internal Politics The stakeholders of this system are essential. Once stakeholders are on board with the system development, they are likely to remain involved, supporting the program over its lifetime. We can get them to buy-in and support the system development by keeping them informed throughout the process of the system, including during the evaluation planning, implementation, and reporting phases (Innovation Network, 2002-2012). Stakeholders are valuable assets in evaluation planning, offering: * Assistance in decision-making about continued and prospective funding; * Perspective that helps the program learn, grow, and improve, and * Experience that informs program replication at other sites or organizations. The Stakeholders fall into three levels of program participation or involvement. There are: * Primary stakeholders  are typically major decision makers within a program, and are often the motivators behind an evaluation effort. They are often program staff, supervisors, senior managers, and funders. * Secondary stakeholders  have less contact with the administrative side of the program, but are still important to the evaluation effort. They include program participants and their families; direct service staff; and possibly other professionals providing subsequent services to program participants. Tertiary stakeholders  are more distant but are likely to be interested in evaluation findings — for example, potential program participants, the general public, or members of the same profession (Innovation Network, 2002-2012). There are other issues that may arise as a result of the internal politics in our company that could have a negative impact on the project. The best thi ng to do is to reduce the risk of project failure due to internal issues. Many systems development problems are in practice caused by a failure to perceive that specific stakeholders’ viewpoints were relevant. That failure causes whole groups of requirements, typically those related to scenarios involving the missing stakeholders to be missed. A similar result is obtained when one stakeholder assumes one scope for a product while another stakeholder assumes another. This occurs when a developer assumes that it will be sufficient to design, code, and test software but the purchaser hopes to have everything set-up and operators trained (Butcher, 2011). Stakeholder composition is a good predictor of project risk and therefore it should be cost-effective to characterize projects at their initiation according to their stakeholder impact. SAI can minimize internal politics by fully evaluating each stakeholder and assuring them that their input is critical to the overall success of the project. Each stakeholder then becomes part of the project team and has a vested interest in ensuring the ultimate success of the project. Team meetings bring all of the stakeholders together to discuss differences and eliminate issues which would delay or derail the project. Each team member realizes that their participation is equally important within their area of specialization or expertise fully under their direct control and unchallenged by direct confrontation. In this manner, each team member must demonstrate how their participation and overall cooperation contributes to the overall success of the project (Butcher, 2011). ERP Project Failures and Lessons Learned Studying ERP project failures is an essential part of project success. By identifying the same or similar issues that lead to failure in one company, SAI can take steps to avoid or eliminate those problems as they arise. Case studies also provide a precursor to the foreseeable problems that occur in ERP implementation allowing SAI management an opportunity to prepare for these problems by formulating a contingency plan. ERP project failures are common but this not unique to ERP. Every system has glitches regardless of the quality of design or the expertise of design personnel (Butcher, 2011). In the Case Study for Implementation Failure at Hershey’s Chocolate it was established that Hershey’s failed to use an incremental method of implementation, instead installing full software during periods of peak business. The resulting disaster from inoperability due to bugs and glitches resulted in a loss of peak season revenue for Hershey’s. Both corporate management and IT staff developed an immediate dislike for the ERP implementation. This could easily have been avoided had Hershey’s implemented the new software on a step-by-step basis during the off season when sales and revenue would have been less dramatically affected (Butcher, 2011). Hershey’s also tried to implement a variety of enterprise applications simultaneously which added to the stress of a seemingly failed project. In fact, there was nothing wrong with the ERP software but its implementation was a complete failure as the company tried to modify their business processes to suit the enterprise application which created further problems. The lesson learned is that implementation should be conducted one step at a time, each successful Installation reinforcing management’s initial decision to purchase. The ERP problems at Hershey’s are commonly repeated where management fails to realize the complexity of implementation and the necessity to proceed cautiously and maintain focus (Butcher, 2011). Return on Investment and Total Cost of Ownership Some metrics that we can use to determine if the system was a success is a disciplined methodology has been developed called  total cost of ownership  (TCO). It is designed to properly analyze the full cost of an IT investment. In order to calculate TCO properly, all related costs must be identified and captured. TCO models organize costs into two broad categories: 1. Direct costs:  Costs in this category are usually for activities and investments that are related to IT or support. They can usually be calculated by examining the actual or projected costs of hardware, software, people, and facilities. 2. Indirect costs:  These costs are not always visible and can be very difficult to measure and quantify. This type of cost crosses the entire organization’s business operations. Some examples of these indirect costs are Administration, Downtime, and End-user operations (Devry, unknown). In order to measure the metrics and figure out when baselines should be determined, we should developed methodologies for determining TCO. The first methodology is the Project initiation. This can be one of the most critical phases of a project. The reason why is because the following are determined: the expectations of the client, the type of relationship the organization will ave with the client (This can influence the management costs. ), and the project’s scope. Ideally, the objectives of the project should be defined at this stage, and the categories for TCO can be aligned with these project objectives. To determine the impact of any deviations from initial projections, an up-to-date TCO should be maintained at all times (Devry, unknown). The second methodology is the Cost Modeling. Th rough the entire TCO process a major activity is the TCO cost analysis. This continues to be refined as new information becomes available during the project. This activity includes classifying the costs according to the financial policies of an organization as well as defining the financial model for the project. The third methodology is the Cost Collection. Once the financial and cost model has been determined, all available cost estimates are collected. Once these are entered into the financial model, a baseline is determined. The total cost of ownership that is presented in this deliverable should be considered a snapshot in time. It is important that all stakeholders understand this and that the TCO may or may not change substantially from this point forward (Devry, unknown). The fourth methodology is Evaluation/Final Report. This is the development of a TCO project deliverable that goes to the organization’s stakeholders and decision makers. It typically includes the final project evaluation and a correlation of all finding recommendations and results. The last methodology is Ongoing Refinement of the TCO Model. It is very rare for all costs and contract negotiations in a large project to be finalized at the same time. Additionally, an implementation plan usually cannot be determined at the same time as, or even immediately after, delivery of the final report. As a result, the TCO is an estimate of project costs based on the data and decisions available when the report was researched and written. As key decisions regarding rollout and implementation strategy are reached, the TCO model should be refined to include the most current project cost estimates (Devry, unknown). Another metrics that we can use to determine if the system was a success is Return on Investment (ROI). The ROI (return on investment) is how much profit or cost savings is gained. An ROI calculation is sometimes used along with other business practices to develop a business case for an IT proposal. The overall ROI for an enterprise is sometimes used to determine how well a company is managed. The work performed to determine the TCO can be used to calculate the ROI. Even though many TCO costs are long term, they can be applied solely to the initial investment or divided between the initial investment and serve as an adjustment to the final value. While both methods are valid, they can give different results; it is important that the organization establish a policy for ROI computations across all projects (Devry, unknown). One of the more difficult aspects of an ROI calculation is determining the soft, or â€Å"people† benefits. Three considerations that impact these soft benefits follow: * Speed of adoption:  This benefit considers how quickly employees come up to speed using the new process, system, technology, or tools provided by the implementation. It indicates how quickly employees demonstrate the new skills or behaviors and adapt to the new roles that are required by a change. * Ultimate utilization or participation rate:  This evaluates the percentage of employees that are engaged and practicing the new way of doing things. Surprisingly, in many implementations, employees can avoid actively participating in workflows and procedures, and this can undermine the project in subtle ways. * Proficiency:  As the change is implemented, this examines how proficient and effective the employees have become. Many times, this proficiency, or ability to better perform their job function, is a significant part of the change’s original motivation. It measures not just the status after the change, but the ongoing improvement to the organization with the new systems, tools, and processes in place and the organizational and job changes fully implemented. Some examples include the time saved in performing a particular operation while using the new system, the improved close rate for sales and contracts brought by the use of a competitive information database, and the amount of waste reduced by new streamlined activities or processes (Devry, unknown). Conclusion In conclusion, my recommendation to SAI Toys is that they need to hire more staff if they want to implement this executive directive. If they can’t afford it or can cope with integrating all of their IT systems, then I would suggest they stick to manufacturing the toys in-house and shipped to brick-and-mortar retailers, such as Best Buy and Target, as well as e-Commerce only sites, such as ThinkGeek. com and Buy. com.